coming next week

Chapter 2 : COCKROACHES

COCKROACHES

• Member class of Insecta. It has three-stage life cycle consisting egg, nymph and adult (incomplete metamorphosis)

• Hardiness species - withstand radiation doses 50 times which can kill a human and reliable to be source of allergens to many people.

• Harbor in cracks and crevices in and around human habitats.  They travel between sources of disease pathogens (toilet, sewers, garbage) and food intended for human consumption.

• Carry Salmonella typhimurium, Entamoeba histolytica and virus for poliomyelitis.

• They carry the organisms on their feet, body hairs and mouthparts and in their intestines.

• Eat almost anything.

• Like starchy items such as cereals, bakery products and bookbinding's.

• Also feed upon beer, cheese, leather and dead animals.

• They discharge a nauseating liquid from mouth and thoracic glands which imparts an unsavory odor and taste into infested food.

• They vomit partly digested food from their mouths and defecate while feeding, both of which are loaded with microorganisms.

•  Do not fly but can move by gliding motion.

• Most cockroaches are active at night, appearing during daylight only if disturbed or very hungry.

• Prefer live in warm, moist area such as cracks and crevices near stoves, refrigerators, hot water heaters, coffee urns and warm water pipes.

Fact about cockroaches

• Have been around since the time of dinosaurs!
• Can live almost a month without food.
• Can live about two weeks without water.
• Some female cockroaches only mate once and stay pregnant for life!
• Can live for up to one week without its head!
• Can hold their breath for up to 40 minutes!
• Can run up to 3 miles an hour.

American cockroaches

Identification

• The largest of the cockroach pest species, the body of an adult American cockroach is 1.5 to 2 inches in length.

• Color: reddish brown, with a yellowish band behind the head.

Habitat

• Subfloor, basement, in sewers and other warm, dark, moist locations.
• They avoid cold areas but will thrive outdoors in temperatures above 80F.
• Indoors they often congregate around hot water pipes, fridge motors, boilers and other heating appliances.

Rapid breeding cycle

• The female life span up to 1.5 years.

• Incubation period of eggs 6 to 8 weeks.

American cockroaches is most cockroaches that we can find in malaysia.. 

German cockroaches

• Most common found in restaurants, homes and hotels.  German cockroaches (eggs included), are "brought in", usually on man's belongings, luggage, boxes or packages.

• All it takes, is bringing in one egg capsule, six months later you do have an infestation.

Appearance

• Adults are 1/2 inch- 5/8 inch long,
• Light to medium brown with 2 dark distinctive stripes behind the head.

The young (nymphs) are wingless, smaller and much darker in color, with a light stripe on their backs. 

German Roach Diet

• Will eat anything, will stay close to food and water source

• German cockroach infestations usually occur in bathrooms and kitchens. They like to hide-out during the day in tight secure places.

• Daytime harborage areas are usually near a food and moisture source, such as, inside wall cavities, behind baseboards, cracks and crevices in pantry, kitchen and bathroom cupboards, and under electrical, heating and cooking appliances.

Oriental cockroaches

• Dark brown or black species.
• Less domesticated than most species.
• Habitat include sewers, damp basement, outbuildings etc.
• Have strong, repulsive odor.
• Longest life cycle
• Tends to favor colder climates.



Fact about roaches

• Cockroaches are among the hardiest insects on the planet.

• Some species capable of remaining active for a month without food.

• Some can go without air for 45 minutes or slow down their heart rate.

• Cockroaches were able to recover from being submerged underwater for half an hour.

introduction to vector and pest management

in second week we learn about the intro of vector and pest management. what is (IPM) , welcome and unwelcome pest, what is pest and what is vector??????

Integrated pest management.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common-sense practices. IPM programs use current, comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment. This information, in combination with available pest control methods, is used to manage pest damage by the most economical means, and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.

Welcome pest. 

•  Bees, flies and butterflies = carry pollen from plant to plant and help to pollinate flowers and crops.
•  Ladybirds = eat caterpillars and aphides (greenflies and black flies) that kill plants.
•  Moth = moth caterpillars make silk used to make clothes.
•  Dung beetles = beetles and flies clean up animal droppings and the rotting bodies of dead animals.
•  Honey bee = provide honey to eat and beeswax to polish furniture.

Unwelcome pest 

• Mosquitoes = spread diseases (e.g. malaria, dengue fever, JE, etc).
•  Bees, wasps and hornets = painful sting – dangerous to some people.
•  Termites and woodworms = damage furniture and buildings.
•  Colorado beetles = eat and ruin potato crops.
•  Locusts = gather in huge groups can eat all plants.
•  Cockroaches = infest food stores and spread germs.
•  Rodents = transmit diseases and destroy materials.

What is vector??

• Vector shall mean any insect or arthropod, rodent, or other animal which capable causing discomfort, injury, or capable of harboring or transmitting the causative agents of disease to humans or domestic animals.
• and the vector also call as are TAXI which vector is transportation to spread the disease to human.
• Examples of vector are such as, mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies, fleas and ticks are vectors of disease.

What is pest??

• Pests are living things, which can be troublesome or unwanted.
•  some pests also called “vectors” because they transmit diseases and cause public health concern.
•  Examples: rodent, cockroaches, mildew, algae, plant insects. Cockroaches, and house ants.

Vector vs pest

• A vector is an organism that carries a pathogen with it. An example would be malaria-carrying mosquitos.
•  Pests are in themselves the problem and usually refer to insects or animals that destroy crops.

Control method 

• Physical control - fly screens or trapping. » Cultural control - improving ventilation hygiene and sanitation.
• Biological control - parasites or predators to eradicate a particular pest.
• Chemical control - appropriate pesticide.